Hops are a common ingredient used in beer. They provide bitterness and flavor to beer. However, some research shows that the phytoestrogens in hops may have anti-androgenic effects by lowering testosterone levels. More research is still needed, but here is an overview of what we know so far:
The active compounds in hops that cause concern are 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) and isoxanthohumol (IX). These are phytoestrogens that can bind to estrogen receptors and potentially disrupt hormonal balance.
- In cell studies, 8-PN has shown potent estrogenic activity by activating estrogen receptors. IX also binds to receptors, but with lower potency.
- Animal studies using very high doses of 8-PN resulted in decreased testosterone levels and testicular function. However, human exposure to 8-PN from normal beer consumption is much lower.
- A few small human studies looked at the effects of beer and hop supplements on hormones. Findings were mixed, with some (but not all) showing decreases in testosterone or related hormones.
- Most human studies use isolated compounds and extracts at doses far exceeding typical dietary intake levels. The hormone impact from normal beer intake still needs more research.
So in summary, there is some emerging evidence that the phytoestrogens in hops may alter hormone levels if consumed in large or isolated amounts. However, more studies are still needed to understand if typical, moderate beer intake affects hormones:
- Human clinical studies are still very limited, and larger randomized controlled trials are needed.
- It's unclear if the effects of isolated compounds like 8-PN translate to beer, which contains far lower levels consumed with a meal instead of supplements.
- Differences in individuals' microbiomes may affect how phytoestrogens are metabolized and impact hormone levels.
If you drink beer and are concerned about hormonal effects:
- Stick to moderate intake of 1-2 beers per day. Avoid binge drinking large volumes.
- Choose beers lower in hop content or with different varieties. Lagers and Belgian beers tend to be lower in hops than Indian Pale Ales.
- Consider getting a hormone panel test done through your doctor or a men's health clinic like Vitality Hormone Center(/) to understand your baseline and if you need to make adjustments.
The research around hops and hormones shows it likely comes down to the dose and the individual. Moderate beer intake
may be fine for most people. However, if you already have low testosterone or hormone concerns, it can't hurt to choose lower hop varieties just to be safe. As always, listen to your body and talk to your doctor if you have symptoms like low energy,
low libido,
erectile dysfunction, and
mental fogginess. Getting properly tested is key.
